Advertisement
Review Article| Volume 42, ISSUE 4, P631-645, December 2015

Providing Contraception to Adolescents

  • Shandhini Raidoo
    Correspondence
    Corresponding author.
    Affiliations
    Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, 1319 Punahou Street, Suite 824, Honolulu, HI 96826, USA
    Search for articles by this author
  • Bliss Kaneshiro
    Affiliations
    Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, 1319 Punahou Street, Suite 824, Honolulu, HI 96826, USA
    Search for articles by this author

      Keywords

      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.

      Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Kost K.
        • Henshaw S.
        U.S. Teenage pregnancies, births and abortions, 2010: national and state trends and trends by age, race and ethnicity.
        Guttmacher Institute, 2014 (Available at:)
        • Mosher W.D.
        • Jones J.
        • Abma J.C.
        Intended and unintended births in the United States: 1982-2010.
        Natl Health Stat Report. 2012; : 1-28
        • Sedgh G.
        • Finer L.B.
        • Bankole A.
        • et al.
        Adolescent pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates across countries: levels and recent trends.
        J Adolesc Health. 2015; 56: 223-230
      1. The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. Counting It Up: Key Data. 2013. Available at: https://thenationalcampaign.org/resource/counting-it-key-data-2013.

        • Bridgeland J.M.
        • DiIulio J.J.
        • Morison K.B.
        Civic Enterprises. The silent epidemic: perspectives of high school dropouts.
        Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 2006
        • Finer L.B.
        • Philbin J.M.
        Sexual initiation, contraceptive use, and pregnancy among young adolescents.
        Pediatrics. 2013; 131: 886-891
        • Martinez G.
        • Copen C.E.
        • Abma J.C.
        Teenagers in the United States: sexual activity, contraceptive use, and childbearing, 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth.
        Vital Health Stat 23. 2011; : 1-35
      2. Guttmacher Institute. Unintended pregnancy in the United States fact sheet. Guttmacher Institute, 2015 (Available at:)
        • Finer L.B.
        • Zolna M.R.
        Shifts in intended and unintended pregnancies in the United States, 2001-2008.
        Am J Public Health. 2014; 104: S43-S48
        • Finer L.B.
        • Jerman J.
        • Kavanaugh M.L.
        Changes in use of long-acting contraceptive methods in the United States, 2007-2009.
        Fertil Steril. 2012; 98: 893-897
        • Weinberger D.
        • Elvevag B.
        • Giedd J.
        The adolescent brain: a work in progress.
        The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, Washington, DC2005
        • Kann L.
        • Kinchen S.
        • Shanklin S.L.
        • et al.
        Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2013.
        MMWR Surveill Summ. 2014; 63: 1-168
        • Committee on Adolescent Health Care
        ACOG Committee Opinion no. 598: The initial reproductive health visit.
        Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 123: 1143-1147
        • Ford C.
        • English A.
        • Sigman G.
        Confidential Health Care for Adolescents: position paper for the society for adolescent medicine.
        J Adolesc Health. 2004; 35: 160-167
        • Weinstock H.
        • Berman S.
        • Cates W.
        • et al.
        Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates, 2000.
        Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2004; 36: 6-10
        • Workowski K.A.
        • Bolan G.A.
        Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015.
        MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015; 64: 1-137
        • Committee on Adolescent Health Care
        • Committee on Gynecologic Practice
        Committee Opinion No. 582: addressing health risks of noncoital sexual activity.
        Obstet Gynecol. 2013; 122: 1378-1382
        • Committee on Adolescent Health Care Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Working Group
        • The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
        Committee opinion no. 539: adolescents and long-acting reversible contraception: implants and intrauterine devices.
        Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 120: 983-988
        • Clark L.R.
        • Barnes-Harper K.T.
        • Ginsburg K.R.
        • et al.
        Menstrual irregularity from hormonal contraception: a cause of reproductive health concerns in minority adolescent young women.
        Contraception. 2006; 74: 214-219
        • Halpern V.
        • Lopez L.M.
        • Grimes D.A.
        • et al.
        Strategies to improve adherence and acceptability of hormonal methods of contraception.
        Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; (CD00431)
        • Friedman J.O.
        Factors associated with contraceptive satisfaction in adolescent women using the IUD.
        J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2015; 28: 38-42
        • Committee on Adolescence
        Contraception for adolescents.
        Pediatrics. 2014; 134: e1244-e1256
        • Romero L.
        • Pazol K.
        • Warner L.
        • et al.
        Vital signs: trends in use of long-acting reversible contraception among teens aged 15-19 years seeking contraceptive services—United States, 2005-2013.
        MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015; 64: 363-369
        • Trussell J.
        Contraceptive failure in the United States.
        Contraception. 2011; 83: 397-404
        • McNicholas C.
        • Maddipati R.
        • Zhao Q.
        • et al.
        Use of the etonogestrel implant and levonorgestrel intrauterine device beyond the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved duration.
        Obstet Gynecol. 2015; 125: 599-604
        • Mansour D.
        • Korver T.
        • Marintcheva-Petrova M.
        • et al.
        The effects of Implanon on menstrual bleeding patterns.
        Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2008; 13: 13-28
        • Deokar A.M.
        • Jackson W.
        • Omar H.A.
        Menstrual bleeding patterns in adolescents using etonogestrel (ENG) implant.
        Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2011; 23: 75-77
        • Mansour D.
        • Bahamondes L.
        • Critchley H.
        • et al.
        The management of unacceptable bleeding patterns in etonogestrel-releasing contraceptive implant users.
        Contraception. 2011; 83: 202-210
        • Wu J.P.
        • Pickle S.
        Extended use of the intrauterine device: a literature review and recommendations for clinical practice.
        Contraception. 2014; 89: 495-503
        • Gemzell-Danielsson K.
        • Schellschmidt I.
        • Apter D.
        A randomized, phase II study describing the efficacy, bleeding profile, and safety of two low-dose levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive systems and Mirena.
        Fertil Steril. 2012; 97: 616-622.e1-3
        • Sivin I.
        • Stern J.
        • Diaz J.
        • et al.
        Two years of intrauterine contraception with levonorgestrel and with copper: a randomized comparison of the TCu 380A and levonorgestrel 20 mcg/day devices.
        Contraception. 1987; 35: 245-255
        • Sanghera S.
        • Roberts T.E.
        • Barton P.
        • et al.
        Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system vs. usual medical treatment for menorrhagia: an economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial.
        PLoS One. 2014; 9: e91891
        • Paterson H.
        • Ashton J.
        • Harrison-Woolrych M.
        A nationwide cohort study of the use of the levonorgestrel intrauterine device in New Zealand adolescents.
        Contraception. 2009; 79: 433-438
        • Stalnaker M.
        • Esquivel P.
        Managing menorrhagia in a familial case of factor V deficiency.
        J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2015; 28: e9-e12
        • Rosenberg M.J.
        • Foldesy R.
        • Mishell Jr., D.R.
        • et al.
        Performance of the TCu380A and Cu-Fix IUDs in an international randomized trial.
        Contraception. 1996; 53: 197-203
        • Rivera R.
        • Yacobson I.
        • Grimes D.
        The mechanism of action of hormonal contraceptives and intrauterine contraceptive devices.
        Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999; 181: 1263-1269
        • Ortiz M.E.
        • Croxatto H.B.
        Copper-T intrauterine device and levonorgestrel intrauterine system: biological bases of their mechanism of action.
        Contraception. 2007; 75: S16-S30
        • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
        U S. medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use, 2010.
        MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010; 59: 1-86
        • Milsom I.
        • Andersson K.
        • Jonasson K.
        • et al.
        The influence of the Gyne-T 380S IUD on menstrual blood loss and iron status.
        Contraception. 1995; 52: 175-179
        • Grunloh D.S.
        • Casner T.
        • Secura G.M.
        • et al.
        Characteristics associated with discontinuation of long-acting reversible contraception within the first 6 months of use.
        Obstet Gynecol. 2013; 122: 1214-1221
        • Schmidt E.O.
        • James A.
        • Curran K.M.
        • et al.
        Adolescent experiences with intrauterine devices: a qualitative study.
        J Adolesc Health. 2015; ([Epub ahead of print])
        • Turok D.K.
        • Godfrey E.M.
        • Wojdyla D.
        • et al.
        Copper T380 intrauterine device for emergency contraception: highly effective at any time in the menstrual cycle.
        Hum Reprod. 2013; 28: 2672-2676
        • Zhou L.
        • Xiao B.
        Emergency contraception with Multiload Cu-375 SL IUD: a multicenter clinical trial.
        Contraception. 2001; 64: 107-112
        • Madden T.
        • McNicholas C.
        • Zhao Q.
        • et al.
        Association of age and parity with intrauterine device expulsion.
        Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 124: 718-726
        • Deans E.I.
        • Grimes D.A.
        Intrauterine devices for adolescents: a systematic review.
        Contraception. 2009; 79: 418-423
        • Chi I.
        • Feldblum P.J.
        • Rogers S.M.
        IUD-related uterine perforation: an epidemiologic analysis of a rare event using an international dataset.
        Contracept Deliv Syst. 1984; 5: 123-130
        • Brown W.M.
        • Trouton K.
        Intrauterine device insertions: which variables matter?.
        J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2014; 40: 117-121
        • Hubacher D.
        • Reyes V.
        • Lillo S.
        • et al.
        Pain from copper intrauterine device insertion: randomized trial of prophylactic ibuprofen.
        Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006; 195: 1272-1277
        • Bednarek P.H.
        • Creinin M.D.
        • Reeves M.F.
        • et al.
        Prophylactic ibuprofen does not improve pain with IUD insertion: a randomized trial.
        Contraception. 2015; 91: 193-197
        • Mody S.K.
        • Kiley J.
        • Rademaker A.
        • et al.
        Pain control for intrauterine device insertion: a randomized trial of 1% lidocaine paracervical block.
        Contraception. 2012; 86: 704-709
        • Pergialiotis V.
        • Vlachos D.G.
        • Protopappas A.
        • et al.
        Analgesic options for placement of an intrauterine contraceptive: a meta-analysis.
        Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2014; 19: 149-160
        • Allen R.H.
        • Bartz D.
        • Grimes D.A.
        • et al.
        Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion.
        Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009; (CD007373)
        • Espey E.
        • Singh R.H.
        • Leeman L.
        • et al.
        Misoprostol for intrauterine device insertion in nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial.
        Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 210: 208.e1-208.e5
        • Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
        • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
        U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, 2013: adapted from the World Health Organization selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use, 2nd edition.
        MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013; 62: 1-60
        • Faúndes A.
        • Telles E.
        • Cristofoletti M.L.
        • et al.
        The risk of inadvertent intrauterine device insertion in women carriers of endocervical Chlamydia trachomatis.
        Contraception. 1998; 58: 105-109
        • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
        ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 121: long-acting reversible contraception: implants and intrauterine devices.
        Obstet Gynecol. 2011; 118: 184-196
        • Mohllajee A.P.
        • Curtis K.M.
        • Peterson H.B.
        Does insertion and use of an intrauterine device increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease among women with sexually transmitted infection? A systematic review.
        Contraception. 2006; 73: 145-153
        • Okusanya B.O.
        • Oduwole O.
        • Effa E.E.
        Immediate postabortal insertion of intrauterine devices.
        Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; (CD001777)
        • Steenland M.W.
        • Tepper N.K.
        • Curtis K.M.
        • et al.
        Intrauterine contraceptive insertion postabortion: a systematic review.
        Contraception. 2011; 84: 447-464
        • Ott M.A.
        • Sucato G.S.
        Committee on Adolescence. Contraception for adolescents.
        Pediatrics. 2014; 134: e1257-e1281
        • Polaneczky M.
        • Liblanc M.
        Long-term depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) use in inner-city adolescents.
        J Adolesc Health. 1998; 23: 81-88
        • Jain J.
        • Jakimiuk A.J.
        • Bode F.R.
        • et al.
        Contraceptive efficacy and safety of DMPA-SC.
        Contraception. 2004; 70: 269-275
        • Zibners A.
        • Cromer B.A.
        • Hayes J.
        Comparison of continuation rates for hormonal contraception among adolescents.
        J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 1999; 12: 90-94
        • Bonny A.E.
        • Ziegler J.
        • Harvey R.
        • et al.
        Weight gain in obese and nonobese adolescent girls initiating depot medroxyprogesterone, oral contraceptive pills, or no hormonal contraceptive method.
        Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006; 160: 40-45
        • Mangan S.A.
        • Larsen P.G.
        • Hudson S.
        Overweight teens at increased risk for weight gain while using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate.
        J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2002; 15: 79-82
        • Committee on Adolescent Healthcare
        • Committee on Gynecologic Practice
        Committee opinion No. 602: depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and bone effects.
        Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 123: 1398-1402
        • Cromer B.A.
        • Scholes D.
        • Berenson A.
        • et al.
        Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and bone mineral density in adolescents—the black box warning: a position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.
        J Adolesc Health. 2006; 39: 296-301
        • Hall K.S.
        • Trussell J.
        • Schwarz E.B.
        Progestin-only contraceptive pill use among women in the United States.
        Contraception. 2012; 86: 653-658
        • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
        ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 110: noncontraceptive uses of hormonal contraceptives.
        Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 115: 206-218
        • Bitzer J.
        • Simon J.A.
        Current issues and available options in combined hormonal contraception.
        Contraception. 2011; 84: 342-356
        • van Hooff M.H.
        • Hirasing R.A.
        • Kaptein M.B.
        • et al.
        The use of oral contraceptives by adolescents for contraception, menstrual cycle problems or acne.
        Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1998; 77: 898-904
        • Gallo M.F.
        • Lopez L.M.
        • Grimes D.A.
        • et al.
        Combination contraceptives: effects on weight.
        Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; (CD00398)
        • Committee on Gynecologic Practice
        Committee Opinion Number 540: Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive pills.
        Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 120: 1239-1242
        • Lidegaard O.
        • Nielsen L.H.
        • Skovlund C.W.
        • et al.
        Venous thrombosis in users of non-oral hormonal contraception: follow-up study, Denmark 2001-10.
        BMJ. 2012; 344: e2990
        • Molloy G.J.
        • Graham H.
        • McGuinness H.
        Adherence to the oral contraceptive pill: a cross-sectional survey of modifiable behavioural determinants.
        BMC Public Health. 2012; 12: 838
        • Peipert J.F.
        • Zhao Q.
        • Allsworth J.E.
        • et al.
        Continuation and satisfaction of reversible contraception.
        Obstet Gynecol. 2011; 117: 1105-1113
        • Serfaty D.
        Medical aspects of oral contraceptive discontinuation.
        Adv Contracept. 1992; 8: 21-33
        • Sucato G.S.
        • Land S.R.
        • Murray P.J.
        • et al.
        Adolescents' experiences using the contraceptive patch versus pills.
        J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2011; 24: 197-203
        • Logsdon S.
        • Richards J.
        • Omar H.A.
        Long-term evaluation of the use of the transdermal contraceptive patch in adolescents.
        ScientificWorldJournal. 2004; 4: 512-516
        • Shimoni N.
        • Westhoff C.
        Review of the vaginal contraceptive ring (NuvaRing).
        J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2008; 34: 247-250
        • Gilliam M.L.
        • Neustadt A.
        • Kozloski M.
        • et al.
        Adherence an acceptability of the contraceptive ring compared with the pill among students: a randomized controlled trial.
        Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 115: 503-510
        • Carey A.S.
        • Chiappetta L.
        • Tremont K.
        • et al.
        The contraceptive vaginal ring: female adolescents' knowledge, attitudes and plans for use.
        Contraception. 2007; 76: 444-450
        • Terrell L.R.
        • Tanner A.E.
        • Hensel D.J.
        • et al.
        Acceptability of the vaginal contraceptive ring among adolescent women.
        J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2011; 24: 204-210
        • Stewart F.H.
        • Brown B.A.
        • Raine T.R.
        • et al.
        Adolescent and young women's experience with the vaginal ring and oral contraceptive pills.
        J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2007; 20: 345-351
        • Williams R.L.
        • Fortenberry J.D.
        Update on adolescent condom use.
        Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2011; 23: 350-354
        • Vasilenko S.A.
        • Kreager D.A.
        • Lefkowitz E.S.
        Gender, contraceptive attitudes, and condom use in adolescent romantic relationships: a dyadic approach.
        J Res Adolesc. 2015; 25: 51-62
        • Williams R.L.
        • Fortenberry J.D.
        Dual use of long-acting reversible contraceptives and condoms among adolescents.
        J Adolesc Health. 2013; 52: S29-S34
        • Eisenberg D.L.
        • Allsworth J.E.
        • Zhao Q.
        • et al.
        Correlates of dual-method contraceptive use: an analysis of the National Survey of Family Growth (2006-2008).
        Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 2012: 717163
        • Cushman L.F.
        • Romero D.
        • Kalmuss D.
        • et al.
        Condom use among women choosing long-term hormonal contraception.
        Fam Plann Perspect. 1998; 30: 240-243
        • Goldstein R.L.
        • Upadhyay U.D.
        • Raine T.R.
        With pills, patches, rings, and shots: who still uses condoms? A longitudinal cohort study.
        J Adolesc Health. 2013; 52: 77-78
        • Lopez L.M.
        • Stockton L.L.
        • Chen M.
        • et al.
        Behavioral interventions for improving dual-method contraceptive use.
        Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; (CD010915)
        • Morroni C.
        • Heartwell S.
        • Edwards S.
        • et al.
        The impact of oral contraceptive initiation on young women's condom use in 3 American cities: missed opportunities for intervention.
        PLoS One. 2014; 9: e101804
        • Frost J.J.
        • Lindberg L.D.
        • Finer L.B.
        Young adults' contraceptive knowledge, norms and attitudes: associations with risk of unintended pregnancy.
        Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2012; 44: 107-116
      3. Facts on American teens’ sources of information about sex fact sheet. Guttmacher Institute, 2012
        • Martinez G.
        • Abma J.
        • Copen C.
        Educating teenagers about sex in the United States.
        NCHS Data Brief. 2010; 44: 1-8
        • Donaldson A.A.
        • Lindberg L.D.
        • Ellen J.M.
        • et al.
        Receipt of sexual health information from parents, teachers, and healthcare providers by sexually experienced U.S. adolescents.
        J Adolesc Health. 2013; 53: 235-240
        • Buhi E.R.
        • Daley E.M.
        • Oberne A.
        • et al.
        Quality and accuracy of sexual health information web sites visited by young people.
        J Adolesc Health. 2010; 47: 206-208
        • Parkes A.
        • Wight D.
        • Henderson M.
        Teenagers' use of sexual health services: perceived need, knowledge and ability to access.
        J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2004; 30: 217-224
        • Frost J.
        U.S. women’s use of sexual and reproductive health services: trends, sources of care, and factors associated with use, 1995-2010.
        Guttmacher Institute, 2013 (Available at:)
      4. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Adolescent Healthcare. Guidelines for adolescent healthcare. 2nd edition. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2011
      5. Guttmacher Institute. State policies in brief: an overview of minors’ consent law. Guttmacher Institute, 2015 (Available at:)
        • Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women
        Committee opinion no. 615: access to contraception.
        Obstet Gynecol. 2015; 125: 250-255
        • Boonstra H.D.
        Meeting the sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents in school-based health centers.
        Guttmacher Policy Review. 2015; 18 (Available at:)
        • Fothergill K.
        • Feijoo A.
        Family planning services at school-based health centers: findings from a national survey.
        J Adolesc Health. 2000; 27: 166-169
        • Fowler C.I.
        • Lloyd S.
        • Gable J.
        • et al.
        Family planning annual report: 2011 national summary.
        RTI International, Research Triangle Park (NC)2012
      6. Adolescents’ access to reproductive health services and information. Center for Reproductive Rights. September 3, 2010. Available at: http://www.reproductiverights.org/project/adolescents-access-to-reproductive-health-services-and-information. Accessed July 12, 2015.

        • Secura G.M.
        • Madden T.
        • McNicholas C.
        • et al.
        Provision of no-cost, long-acting contraception and teenage pregnancy.
        N Engl J Med. 2014; 371: 1316-1323
        • Mestad R.
        • Secura G.
        • Allsworth J.E.
        • et al.
        Acceptance of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods by adolescent participants in the Contraceptive CHOICE Project.
        Contraception. 2011; 84: 493-498
        • Ricketts S.
        • Klingler G.
        • Schwalberg R.
        Game change in Colorado: widespread use of long-acting reversible contraceptives and rapid decline in births among young, low-income women.
        Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2014; 46: 125-132